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CPO

CPO: Co-Packaged Optics
Optical interconnect technology for next-generation AI and hyperscale data center networks
What it isCo-Packaged Optics integrates optical engines close to, or within the same package as, high-capacity switch ASICs to reduce electrical reach, power consumption, and signal-loss challenges.
Why it mattersCPO is viewed as a potential path to higher bandwidth density and improved energy efficiency as AI clusters, cloud fabrics, and data center interconnects scale toward 51.2T, 102.4T, and beyond.
Key driversAI clusters
Power efficiency
Bandwidth density
Switch scaling
Technical focusCPO development spans optical engines, switch ASIC packaging, external laser sources, thermal design, serviceability, standards work, and migration paths from pluggable optics.
Market contextThe industry continues to evaluate where CPO fits alongside advanced pluggables, linear pluggable optics, near-packaged optics, and silicon photonics-based interconnect architectures.
Converge Digest tracks CPO as part of its ongoing coverage of optical networking, AI infrastructure, silicon photonics, data center switching, and next-generation interconnect technologies.

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Recent CPO stories

NVIDIA Debuts Spectrum-X and Quantum-X Photonics Switches
·CPO

NVIDIA Debuts Spectrum-X and Quantum-X Photonics Switches

NVIDIA unveiled its next-generation silicon photonics switches—Spectrum-X Photonics Ethernet and Quantum-X Photonics InfiniBand—designed to scale AI factories to connect millions of GPUs while cutting energy consumption…

IBM Develops Co-Packaged Optics Integrating PWG
·CPO

IBM Develops Co-Packaged Optics Integrating PWG

IBM has introduced a new co-packaged optics (CPO) technology that integrates polymer optical waveguides (PWG) to replace electrical interconnects inside data centers. Designed to…

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